Type C-0 Ready Mix Concrete: Key Strength Properties, Applications & Testing Standards
Published on by Rashid Minhas
Average Read time: 6 minutes 48 seconds
Introduction to Type C-0 Ready Mix Concrete
What is Type C-0 Concrete?
Type C-0 Ready Mix concrete refers to a lower-strength grade concrete mix commonly used for general construction where high compressive strength is not a critical requirement. It is pre-mixed in a batching plant and delivered to the site ready to pour, hence the term "Ready Mix".
Historical Background and Industry Use
Historically, Type C-0 was adopted for domestic and light infrastructure projects where affordability and workability took precedence over structural strength. Its consistent strength results and cost-effective nature have made it a staple in certain regions and industries.
Compressive Strength Overview
Cube vs. Cylinder Strength: What's the Difference?
Compressive strength is a critical measure of concrete’s ability to withstand loads. Type C-0 Ready Mix concrete exhibits:
- 1000 PSI in cube specimens
- 750 PSI in cylindrical specimens
This discrepancy arises due to the test geometry. Cubes are shorter and have more uniform stress distribution, leading to higher strength readings.
Why Geometry Affects Compressive Test Results
The difference is not a flaw—it's a result of mechanics. Cylindrical specimens tend to fail earlier because of the way load is distributed and absorbed along their height. This is why standards often require both tests to get a complete profile of the concrete’s behavior.
Technical Properties of Type C-0 Concrete
Cube Strength – 1000 PSI
This strength means a cube-shaped specimen can endure 1000 pounds of pressure per square inch before cracking. This makes it suitable for non-structural elements like sidewalks or garden walls.
Cylinder Strength – 750 PSI
The cylindrical compressive strength of 750 PSI gives a more conservative estimate of the concrete's ability under real-world conditions, especially in vertical load-bearing elements.
Typical Density and Water-Cement Ratio
- Density: Around 2200–2400 kg/m³
- Water-Cement Ratio: Ranges from 0.6 to 0.8, depending on desired workability and environmental exposure
Materials and Mix Design
Cement Type Used
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is typically used in Type C-0 concrete due to its availability and compatibility with other ingredients.
Aggregates and Admixtures
- Fine Aggregates: River sand
- Coarse Aggregates: Crushed stones, 10mm–20mm
- Admixtures: Plasticizers may be added to improve workability
Water-to-Cement Ratio Specifics
A higher water-to-cement ratio results in reduced strength but enhanced workability, which is acceptable for low-strength applications like Type C-0 concrete.
Applications of Type C-0 Ready Mix Concrete
Residential Uses
Ideal for:
- Flooring underlayers
- Boundary walls
- Foundation padding
Pavement and Walkways
Used in footpaths and light-use pavements where heavy load-bearing is not expected.
Low Load-Bearing Structures
This concrete is well-suited for sheds, patios, non-structural columns, and drainage components.
Testing Methods for Compressive Strength
Cube Compression Test Procedure
- Cube size: 150mm x 150mm x 150mm
- Cured for 28 days
- Loaded under a hydraulic press until failure
Cylinder Compression Test Procedure
- Size: 150mm diameter × 300mm height
- Ends are capped to ensure even load distribution
- Recorded after curing period
Standard Specifications (ASTM, ACI)
- ASTM C39 for cylinders
- ASTM C109 for cubes
- ACI standards may vary based on region
Comparing with Other Concrete Grades
How Type C-0 Compares to M10, M15, and M20
When compared to standard concrete grades like M10, M15, and M20, Type C-0 Ready Mix concrete has noticeably lower compressive strength:
Concrete TypeCube Strength (PSI)Typical Use
Type C-0 | 1000 | Light-duty applications
M10 | 1450 | Simple foundations, leveling
M15 | 2175 | Flooring, pathways
M20 | 2900 | RCC work, beams, columns
Type C-0 | 1000 | Light-duty applications
M10 | 1450 | Simple foundations, leveling
M15 | 2175 | Flooring, pathways
M20 | 2900 | RCC work, beams, columns
Type C-0 is most suitable when budget and ease-of-use outweigh the need for structural performance.
When to Choose Type C-0 Over Others
Choose Type C-0 when:
- Loads are minimal
- Speed of construction is a priority
- The structure is non-load-bearing
- Cost is a major constraint
Workability and Setting Time
Slump Characteristics
- Slump Range: 50–100 mm
- Provides moderate workability
- Ideal for manual placement without pumps
Initial and Final Setting Time
- Initial Set: Around 45–60 minutes
- Final Set: Within 10–12 hours
These values can vary based on ambient temperature, water content, and admixtures.
Curing Practices for Optimal Strength
Methods of Curing
Proper curing is essential even for lower-strength concrete like Type C-0. Methods include:
- Water Curing: Most effective and common
- Curing Compounds: Ideal when water isn't available
- Covering with Wet Mats or Plastic Sheets
Curing Duration and Environment
- Minimum Curing Time: 7 days
- Ideal Conditions: 20–25°C and high humidity
Failing to cure adequately may lead to significant strength reduction.
Advantages of Type C-0 Ready Mix Concrete
Cost-Effective Solution
- Low cement content
- Reduced material and labor cost
- Ideal for budget-sensitive projects
Ease of Mixing and Transportation
- Consistency guaranteed through batching plants
- Delivered in ready-to-pour condition
- Saves time and effort on-site
Limitations and Considerations
Not Suitable for High-Load Structures
Due to its low strength, Type C-0 should never be used in:
- Columns and beams
- Bridges and high-rise buildings
- Areas subject to dynamic loads
Weather Sensitivity
- Can be affected by freezing temperatures or excessive heat
- Risk of cracking if not cured properly in dry or windy climates
Environmental and Sustainability Aspects
CO₂ Footprint
While all concrete contributes to carbon emissions, Type C-0 typically has a lower footprint due to:
- Lower cement usage
- Local sourcing of aggregates
Potential for Recycled Materials
- Can incorporate fly ash, GGBS, or recycled concrete aggregates
- Makes it a relatively eco-friendly option for low-impact projects
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What does Type C-0 mean in concrete?
Type C-0 is a classification of ready mix concrete with low compressive strength, commonly used in non-structural, light-load applications.
2. Why is cube strength higher than cylinder strength?
Due to shape and loading differences, cube specimens resist force more uniformly than cylinders, resulting in higher strength values in tests.
3. Is 750 PSI strong enough for structural use?
No. A strength of 750 PSI (cylinder) is insufficient for structural elements. It’s suitable only for sidewalks, non-load-bearing walls, or infill.
4. How is Type C-0 concrete tested?
Type C-0 is tested using cube and cylinder compressive tests, typically after 28 days of curing, under standards like ASTM C39 and ASTM C109.
5. What mix ratio is used for Type C-0?
A common ratio might be 1:4:8 (cement:sand:aggregate), but this can vary. Water-to-cement ratio is higher than structural mixes, often 0.6–0.8.
6. Can Type C-0 be used in pavement construction?
Yes, but only for light-use pavements like footpaths and garden walkways, not for vehicle-bearing roads or highways.
Conclusion: Is Type C-0 Ready Mix Concrete Right for Your Project?
Type C-0 Ready Mix concrete offers a practical solution for specific, low-stress construction needs. Its manageable strength profile—1000 PSI in cubes and 750 PSI in cylinders—makes it suitable for non-structural works where cost, ease, and flexibility are prioritized over heavy load-bearing capabilities.
When chosen and applied appropriately, it delivers reliable performance with minimal resource investment. However, for structural integrity and long-term durability under stress, higher-grade concrete is strongly recommended.